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TMCNet: Reportlinker Adds RNAi - technologies, markets and companies

[September 07, 2010]

Reportlinker Adds RNAi - technologies, markets and companies

NEW YORK, Sept 07, 2010 /PRNewswire via COMTEX/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue: RNAi - technologies, markets and companies http://www.reportlinker.com/p0203551/RNAi---technologies-markets-and-companies.html Summary RNA interference (RNAi) or gene silencing involves the use of double stranded RNA (dsRNA). Once inside the cell, this material is processed into short 21-23 nucleotide RNAs termed siRNAs that are used in a sequence-specific manner to recognize and destroy complementary RNA. The report compares RNAi with other antisense approaches using oligonucleotides, aptamers, ribozymes, peptide nucleic acid and locked nucleic acid.


Various RNAi technologies are described, along with design and methods of manufacture of siRNA reagents. These include chemical synthesis by in vitro transcription and use of plasmid or viral vectors. Other approaches to RNAi include DNA-directed RNAi (ddRNAi) that is used to produce dsRNA inside the cell, which is cleaved into siRNA by the action of Dicer, a specific type of RNAse III. MicroRNAs are derived by processing of short hairpins that can inhibit the mRNAs. Expressed interfering RNA (eiRNA) is used to express dsRNA intracellularly from DNA plasmids.

Delivery of therapeutics to the target tissues is an important consideration. siRNAs can be delivered to cells in culture by electroporation or by transfection using plasmid or viral vectors. In vivo delivery of siRNAs can be carried out by injection into tissues or blood vessels or use of synthetic and viral vectors.

Because of its ability to silence any gene once the sequence is known, RNAi has been adopted as the research tool to discriminate gene function. After the genome of an organism is sequenced, RNAi can be designed to target every gene in the genome and target for specific phenotypes. Several methods of gene expression analysis are available and there is still need for sensitive methods of detection of gene expression as a baseline and measurement after gene silencing. RNAi microarray has been devised and can be tailored to meet the needs for high throughput screens for identifying appropriate RNAi probes. RNAi is an important method for analyzing gene function and identifying new drug targets that uses double-stranded RNA to knock down or silence specific genes. With the advent of vector-mediated siRNA delivery methods it is now possible to make transgenic animals that can silence gene expression stably. These technologies point to the usefulness of RNAi for drug discovery.

RNAi can be rationally designed to block the expression of any target gene, including genes for which traditional small molecule inhibitors cannot be found. Areas of therapeutic applications include virus infections, cancer, genetic disorders and neurological diseases. Side effects can result from unintended interaction between an siRNA compound and an unrelated host gene. If RNAi compounds are designed poorly, there is an increased chance for non-specific interaction with host genes that may cause adverse effects in the host.

Regulatory, safety and patent issues are discussed. There are no major safety concerns and regulations are in preliminary stages as the clinical trials are just starting. Many of the patents are still pending.

The markets for RNAi are difficult to define as no RNAi-based product is approved yet but several are in clinical trials. The major use of RNAi reagents is in research but it partially overlaps that of drug discovery and therapeutic development. Various markets relevant to RNAi are analyzed from 2009 to 2019. Markets are also analyzed according to breakdown of technologies and use of siRNAs, miRNAs, etc.

Profiles of 156 companies involved in developing RNAi technologies are presented along with 204 collaborations. They are a mix of companies that supply reagents and technologies (nearly half of all) and companies that use the technologies for drug discovery. Out of these, 30 are developing RNAi-based therapeutics and 26 are involved in microRNAs. The bibliography contains selected 500 publications that are cited in the report. The text is supplemented with 35 tables and 10 figures.

TABLE OF CONTENTS 0.Executive Summary15 1.Technologies for suppressing gene function17 Introduction17 DNA transcription17 RNA17 Non-coding RNA17 RNA research and potential applications18 Role of RNA in regulation of the dihydrofolate reductase gene19 Gene regulation19 Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression20 Alternative RNA splicing21 Technologies for gene suppression21 Antisense oligonucleotides21 Transcription factor decoys22 Aptamers22 Ribozymes23 Aptazymes23 RNA aptamers vs allosteric ribozymes23 RNA Lasso24 Peptide nucleic acid24 PNA-DNA chimeras25 Locked nucleic acid25 Gene silencing25 Post-transcriptional gene silencing26 TargeTron? technology for gene knockout26 Definitions and terminology of RNAi26 RNAi mechanisms27 Non-promoter-associated small RNAs29 Piwi-interacting RNAs in germ cell development30 Relation of RNAi to junk DNA30 RNA editing and RNAi31 Historical landmarks in the development of RNAi31 2.RNAi Technologies33 Introduction33 Comparison of antisense and RNAi33 Advantages of antisense over siRNAs33 Advantages of siRNAs over antisense34 RNA aptamers vs siRNA34 RNA Lassos versus siRNA34 Concluding remarks on antisense vs RNAi35 ssRNAi35 Antisense vs DNP-ssRNA and DNP-siRNA35 LNA and RNAi36 LNA for gene suppression36 Comparison of LNA and RNAi37 Use of siLNA to improve siRNA37 RNAi versus small molecules37 RNAi in vivo37 Cre-regulated RNAi in vivo38 RNAi kits38 ShortCut(TM) RNAi Kit38 HiScribe(TM) RNAi Transcription Kit39 pSUPER RNAi system39 Si2 Silencing Duplex40 Techniques for measuring RNAi-induced gene silencing40 Application of PCR in RNAi40 Real-time quantitative PCR41 Assessment of the silencing effect of siRNA by RT-PCR41 Fluorescence resonance energy transfer probe for RNA interactions42 Bioinformatics tools for design of siRNAs42 Random siRNA design42 Rational siRNA design43 The concept of pooling siRNAs44 Criteria for rational siRNA design44 BLOCK-iT RNAi Designer44 QIAGEN's 2-for-Silencing siRNA Duplexes45 Designing vector-based siRNA45 iRNAChek for designing siRNA45 TROD: T7 RNAi Oligo Designer45 siDirect: siRNA design software46 Prediction of efficacy of siRNAs46 Algorithms for prediction of siRNA efficacy46 siRNA databases46 Production of siRNAs47 Chemical synthesis of short oligonucleotides47 In vitro transcription47 Generation of siRNA in vivo48 siRNA:DNA hybrid molecules48 Chemical modifications of siRNAs48 Sugar modifications of siRNA49 Phosphate linkage modifications of siRNA49 Modifications to the siRNA overhangs49 Modifications to the duplex architecture50 Applications of chemical modification of siRNAs50 Synthetic RNAs vs siRNAs51 Specificity of siRNAs51 Asymmetric interfering RNA51 Genome-wide data sets for the production of esiRNAs52 ddRNAi for inducing RNAi52 ddRNAi technology52 Advantages of ddRNAi over siRNA53 Short hairpin RNAs54 siRNA versus shRNA54 Circular interfering RNA55 Expressed interfering RNA56 RNA-induced transcriptional silencing complex56 Inhibition of gene expression by antigene RNA57 RNAi vs mRNA modulation by small molecular weight compounds57 3.MicroRNA59 Introduction59 miRNA and RISC61 Role of the microprocessor complex in miRNA61 miRNAs compared to siRNAs62 miRNA and stem cells63 Influence of miRNA on stem cell formation and maintenance63 Role of miRNAs in gene regulation during stem cell differentiation63 miRNA databases64 Sanger miRBase miRNA sequence database64 Mapping miRNA genes64 A database of ultraconserved sequences and miRNA function65 A database for miRNA deregulation in human disease65 An database of miRNA-target interactions66 Role of miRNA in gene regulation66 Control of gene expression by miRNA67 miRNA-mediated translational repression involving Piwi67 Transcriptional regulators of ESCs control of miRNA gene expression67 Mechanism of miRNAs-induced silencing of gene expression67 miRNA diagnostics68 Biochemical approach to identification of miRNA68 Computational approaches for the identification of miRNAs69 LNA probes for exploring miRNA69 Microarrays for analysis of miRNA gene expression69 Microarrays vs quantitative PCR for measuring miRNAs70 miRNAs as biomarkers of hepatotoxicity70 Modification of in situ hybridization for detection of miRNAs71 Nuclease Protection Assay to measure miRNA expression71 Real-time PCR for expression profiling of miRNAs71 Targeting of miRNAs with antisense oligonucleotides72 Silencing miRNAs by antagomirs72 New tools for miRNA silencing72 miRNA-regulated lentiviral vectors73 miRNAs as drug targets73 miRNAs as targets for antisense drugs73 Challenges facing use of miRNAs as drug targets74 Target specificity of miRNAs74 Prediction of miRNA targets75 Role of miRNA in human health and disease75 Role of miRNAs in regulation of hematopoiesis75 Role of miRNA depletion in tissue regeneration76 Role of miRNA in regulation of aging76 Role of miRNA in inflammation77 Role of miRNAs in regulation of immune system77 Role of miRNA in the cardiovascular system77 Role of miRNAs in development of the cardiovascular system78 Role of miRNAs in angiogenesis78 Role of miRNAs in cardiac hypertrophy and failure78 Role of miRNAs in conduction and rhythm disorders of the heart79 miRNA-based approach for reduction of hypercholesterolemia79 miRNA-based approach for restenosis following angioplasty79 miRNAs as therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases79 Concluding remarks and future prospects of miRNA in the cardiovascular system80 Role of miRNAs in the nervous system80 miRNAs and addiction80 miRNAs in neurodegenerative disorders81 miRNAs as biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease81 miRNA malfunction in spinal motor neuron disease82 miRNAs and retinal neurodegenerative disorders82 miRNA and schizophrenia82 Role of miRNA in viral infections82 Role of miRNA in HSV-1 latency83 miRNA and autoimmune disorders83 miRNA in systemic lupus erythematosus83 miRNA and skin disorders84 Role of miRNA in inflammatory skin disorders84 Role of miRNAs in cancer84 miRNAs linked to the initiation and progression of cancer84 Oncomirs84 Linking miRNA sequences to cancer using RNA samples85 Role of miRNAs in viral oncogenesis85 miRNA genes in cancer86 miRNAs, embryonic stem cells and cancer87 miRNAs and cancer metastases87 Role of miRNAs in cancer diagnosis88 Cancer miRNA signature88 miRNA biomarkers in cancer88 Diagnostic value of miRNA in cancer89 Prognostic value of miRNA in cancer89 miRNAs as basis of cancer therapeutics89 Antisense oligonucleotides targeted to miRNA90 Role of miRNAs in adoptive immunotherapy of cancer90 Restoration of tumor suppressor miRNA may inhibit cancer90 Role of miRNAs in various cancers91 miRNA and brain cancer91 miRNA and breast cancer91 miRNA and colorectal cancer92 miRNA and hematological malignancies92 miRNA and hepatocellular carcinoma94 miRNA and lung cancer94 miRNA and nasopharyngeal carcinoma95 miRNA and ovarian cancer95 miRNA and pancreatic cancer96 miRNA and prostatic cancer96 miRNA and thyroid cancer97 Future prospects of miRNA97 Companies involved in miRNA98 4.Methods of delivery in RNAi101 Introduction101 Methods of delivery of oligonucleotides101 Oral and rectal administration102 Pulmonary administration102 Targeted delivery to the CNS102 High flow microinfusion into the brain parenchyma103 Intracellular guidance by special techniques103 Biochemical microinjection104 Liposomes-mediated oligonucleotide delivery104 Polyethylenimine-mediated oligonucleotide delivery104 Delivery of TF Decoys104 Biodegradable microparticles105 Microparticles105 Nanoparticles105 siRNA delivery technologies105 Local delivery of siRNA106 In vivo delivery of siRNAs by synthetic vectors107 Intracellular delivery of siRNAs107 Protamine-antibody fusion proteins for delivery of siRNA to cells107 Protein transduction domains108 MPG-based delivery of siRNA108 Delivery of siRNAs with aptamer-siRNA chimeras108 Phosphorothioate stimulated cellular delivery of siRNA109 Targeted delivery of siRNAs by lipid-based technologies109 Delivery of siRNA-lipoplexes109 Lipidoids for delivery of siRNAs110 NeoLipid(TM) technology110 siFECTamine?110 Systemic in vivo delivery of lipophilic siRNAs111 Systemic delivery of siRNAi by lipid nanoparticles111 Electroporation111 Nucleofactor technology112 Intravascular delivery of siRNA112 27mer siRNA duplexes for improved delivery and potency113 TransIT-TKO?113 DNA-based plasmids for delivery of siRNA114 Convergent transcription115 PCR cassettes expressing siRNAs115 Genetically engineered bacteria for delivery of shRNA115 Viral vectors for delivery of siRNA115 Adenoviral vectors116 Adeno-associated virus vectors for shRNA expression116 Baculovirus vector116 Lentiviral vectors117 Retroviral delivery of siRNA118 Transkingdom RNAi delivery by genetically engineered bacteria118 Delivery of siRNA without a vector118 Cell-penetrating peptides for delivery of siRNAs119 Role of nanobiotechnology in siRNA delivery119 Chitosan-coated nanoparticles for siRNA delivery119 Delivery of gold nanorod-siRNA nanoplex to dopaminergic neurons120 Lipidic aminoglycoside as siRNA nanocarrier120 Lipid nanoparticles-mediated siRNA delivery120 Nanosize liposomes for delivery of siRNA121 PAMAM dendrimers for siRNA delivery121 Polyethylenimine nanoparticles for siRNA delivery121 Polycation-based nanoparticles for siRNA delivery122 Quantum dots to monitor siRNA delivery122 Targeted delivery of siRNAs to specific organs123 siRNA delivery to the CNS123 siRNA delivery to the liver124 siRNAdelivery to the lungs124 Control of RNAi and siRNA levels124 siRNA pharmacokinetics in mammalian cells125 Mathematical modeling for determining the dosing schedule of siRNA125 Assessing siRNA pharmacodynamics in animal models126 Research on siRNA delivery funded by the NIH126 Companies involved in delivery technologies for siRNA127 5.RNAi in Research131 Introduction131 Basic RNAi research131 Genes and lifespan131 Antiviral role of RNAi in animal cells131 Silencing snoRNA genes131 Profiling small RNAs132 Study of signaling pathways132 RNAi for research in neuroscience132 Use of RNAi to study insulin action133 Detection of cancer mutations133 Loss-of-function genetic screens133 Inducible and reversible RNAi134 Combination of siRNA with green fluorescent protein134 RNAi and environmental research134 Applied RNAi research135 RNAi for gene expression studies135 Microarrays for measuring gene expression in RNAi135 RNAi for functional genomic analysis136 RNAi studies on C. elegans136 RNAi studies on Drosophila137 RNAi in planaria137 Testing the specificity of RNAi138 Tissue-specific RNAi138 siRNA-mediated gene silencing138 RNAi libraries139 Universal plasmid siRNA library140 pDual library using plasmid vector140 pHippy plasmid vector library140 siRNA libary including miRNAs140 siRNA libraries using pRetroSuper vector141 siRNA produced by enzymatic engineering of DNA141 shRNA libraries141 Enzymatic production of RNAi library142 RNAi and alternative splicing143 RNAi in animal development143 RNAi for creating transgenic animals143 RNAi for creating models of neurological disorders144 Research support for RNAi in US144 RNAi for toxicogenomics144 Role of RNAi in the US biodefense research145 The RNAi Consortium145 Research support for RNAi in Europe146 European Union for RNA Interference Technology146 Research support of RNAi146 Role of RNAi in MitoCheck project147 RNAi Global Initiative147 6.RNAi in drug discovery151 Basis of RNAi for drug discovery151 Use of siRNA libraries to identify genes as therapeutic targets151 Role of siRNAs in drug target identification151 Use of a genome-wide, siRNA library for drug discovery152 Use of arrayed adenoviral siRNA libraries for drug discovery152 RNAi as a tool for assay development152 Targeting human kinases with an siRNAi library153 Challenges of drug discovery with RNAi153 Express TrackSM siRNA Drug Discovery Program153 Genome-wide siRNA screens in mammalian cells154 Natural antisense and ncRNA as drug targets154 RNAi for target validation155 Delivering siRNA for target validation in vivo155 Off-target effects of siRNA-mediated gene silencing157 Bioinformatic approach to off-target effects158 Validation of oncology targets discovered through RNAi screens158 Selection of siRNA versus shRNA for target validation158 Application of RNAi to the druggable genome159 Application of siRNA during preclinical drug development159 siRNAs vs small molecules as drugs160 siRNAs vs antisense drugs160 RNAi technology in plants for drug discovery and development161 Application of RNAi to poppy plant as source of new drugs161 7.Therapeutic applications of RNAi163 Introduction163 Potential of RNAi-based therapies164 In vitro applications of siRNA164 In vivo applications of RNAi165 RNAi and cell therapy165 Gene inactivation to study hESCs166 RNAi and stem cells166 Cell therapy for immune disorders167 RNAi gene therapy167 Drug-inducible systems for control of gene expression167 Potential side effects of RNAi gene therapy168 Systemic delivery of siRNAs168 In vivo RNAi therapeutic efficacy in animal models of human diseases169 Virus infections169 RNAi approaches to viral infections170 Delivery of siRNAs in viral infections171 RNAi applications in HIV171 A multiple shRNA approach for silencing of HIV-1172 Anti-HIV shRNA for AIDS lymphoma172 Aptamer-mediated delivery of anti-HIV siRNAs172 Bispecific siRNA constructs172 Role of the nef gene during HIV-1 infection and RNAi173 siRNA-directed inhibition of HIV-1 infection173 Synergistic effect of snRNA and siRNA174 Targeting CXCR4 with siRNAs174 Targeting CCR5 with siRNAs174 Concluding remarks on RNAi approach to HIV/AIDS175 Influenza175 Inhibition of influenza virus by siRNAs176 Delivery of siRNA in influenza177 Challenges and future prospects of siRNAs for influenza177 Respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza viruses178 Coronavirus/severe acute respiratory syndrome179 Herpes simplex virus 2179 Hepatitis B179 Hepatitis C virus180 Cytomegalovirus181 siRNA vs antisense oligonucleotides for viral infections182 siRNA against methicillin-resistant S. aureus182 RNAi-based rational approach to antimalarial drug discovery183 Inhibiting the growth of malarial parasite by heme-binding DNA aptamers183 siRNA-based antimalarial therapeutics183 RNAi applications in oncology184 Inhibition of oncogenes184 RNAi approach to study TRAIL186 Modification of alternative splicing in cancer186 Allele-specific inhibition186 siRNAs for anticancer drug discovery187 siRNAs for inducing cancer immunity188 siRNAs for inhibition of angiogenesis188 siRNA targeting the R2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase189 siRNA for cancer chemoprevention189 Onconase189 Drug delivery issues in managing cancer by RNAi approach190 siHybrids vs siRNAs as anticancer agents190 Nanobiotechnology-based delivery of siRNAs191 Lipid nanoparticle-based delivery of anticancer siRNAs191 Minicells for targeted delivery of nanoscale anticancer therapeutics191 Nanoimmunoliposome-based system for targeted delivery of siRNA192 Polymer nanoparticles for targeted delivery of anticancer siRNA192 RNA nanotechnology for delivery of cancer therapeutics193 Targeted delivery of a nanoparticle-siRNA complex in cancer patients193 RNAi-based treatment of various cancer types194 RNAi-based therapy of brain cancer194 RNAi in breast cancer196 Enhancing efficacy of hyperthermia/chemotherapy in cervical cancer196 RNAi and colorectal cancer196 RNAi and Ewing's sarcoma197 RNAi and leukemias197 RNAi and lung cancer198 RNAi and melanoma198 RNAi and pancreatic cancer199 RNAi and prostate cancer199 Overcoming drug resistance in cancer200 Targeting fusion proteins in cancer200 Increasing chemosensitivity by RNAi200 Genetic disorders201 RNAi for skin disorders201 Experimental studies for RNAi applications in skin disorders201 Clinical applications of RNAi in skin disorders202 Pachyonychia congenita202 Neurological disorders203 RNAi for neurodegenerative disorders204 Alzheimer's disease204 Parkinson's disease205 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis205 Prion diseases206 Polyglutamine-induced neurodegeneration207 Fragile X syndrome and RNAi207 RNAi-based therapy for Huntington's disease208 Combination of RNAi and gene therapy to prevent neurodegenerative disease209 Role of RNAi in pain therapy209 Role of RNAi in repair of spinal cord injury210 Role of RNAi in treatment of multiple sclerosis210 siRNA for Duchenne muscular dystrophy211 siRNA for dystonia211 RNAi in ophthalmology211 Age related macular degeneration211 Current treatment of AMD212 RNAi-based treatments for AMD213 Diabetic retinopathy214 Retinitis pigmentosa215 RNAi and metabolic disorders215 RNAi and obesity215 Genes and regulation of body fat215 RNAi and diabetes215 Use of siRNAs to study glucose transporter216 Use of RNAi to study genes in animal models of diabetes216 RNAi for drug discovery in diabetes216 A miRNA that regulates insulin secretion217 RNAi in hematology218 Stem cell-based gene therapy and RNAi for sickle cell disease218 RNAi and disorders of the immune system219 siRNA applications in immunology219 Use of RNAi in transplantation220 RNAi for cardiovascular disorders220 RNAi for hypercholesterolemia221 siRNA targeting NADPH oxidase in cardiovascular diseases221 siRNA for study and treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury222 RNAi in respiratory disorders222 siRNA for cystic fibrosis222 siRNA for asthma223 RNAi for musculoskeletal disorders223 RNAi for rheumatoid arthritis223 RNAi for bone disorders224 RNAi for treatment of osteoporosis224 Clinical trials of RNAi-based therapies225 Improving efficacy of siRNAs for clinical trials by improved delivery226 Role of RNAi in development of personalized medicine226 Future prospects of RNAi227 Challenges for the development of RNAi-based therapeutics227 8.Safety, regulatory and patent issues229 Introduction229 Limitations and drawbacks of RNAi229 Adverse effects of RNAi229 Effect of siRNAs on interferon response230 Detection of interferon response230 Prevention of the interferon response in RNAi231 Overcoming the innate immune response to siRNAs231 Selection of siRNAs to improve specificity and efficacy232 Regulatory issues relevant to RNAi232 RNAi patents233 Companies with strong patent position233 Alnylam233 Benitec236 Intradigm236 Sirna Therapeutics236 9.Markets for RNAi Technologies239 Introduction239 Current and future market potential for RNAi technologies239 RNAi reagents240 RNAi-based drug discovery and target validation240 RNAi-based development of therapeutics240 RNAi market potential according to therapeutic areas240 Market for viral infections241 Market for cancer242 Market for age related macular degeneration242 Unmet needs in RNAi242 Strategies for marketing RNAi243 Choosing optimal indications243 Strategies according to the trends in healthcare in the next decade244 Concluding remarks245 10.Companies involved in RNAi Technologies247 Introduction247 Major players in RNAi250 Profiles of companies251 Collaborations433 11.References441 Tables Table 1 1: Classification of small RNA molecules27 Table 1 2: Mechanisms of small RNAs involved in gene silencing28 Table 1 3: Historical landmarks in the evolution of RNAi31 Table 2 1: RNAi versus small molecules37 Table 2 2: Providers of software for siRNA design43 Table 2 3: Methods for the production of siRNAs47 Table 2 4: Advantages and limitations of methods of shRNA-derived siRNA knockdown55 Table 2 5: Comparison of eiRNA with siRNA56 Table 3 1: Methods for miRNA target prediction75 Table 3 2: miRNA expression in neurodegenerative diseases81 Table 3 3: Dysregulation of miRNA expression in epithelial cancers84 Table 3 4: Companies involved in miRNA diagnostics and therapeutics98 Table 4 1: Methods of delivery of oligonucleotides101 Table 4 2: Methods of delivery of siRNA106 Table 4 3: Companies developing siRNA delivery technologies127 Table 5 1: RNAi libraries139 Table 6 1: Delivery of siRNAs in vivo for target validation156 Table 6 2: Selection of siRNA versus shRNA for target validation159 Table 7 1: RNAi-based therapeutic approaches164 Table 7 2: In vivo RNAi therapeutic efficacy in animal models of human diseases169 Table 7 3: Inhibition of viral replication by RNAi170 Table 7 4: Cancer-associated genes that can be targeted by RNAi185 Table 7 5: Neurological disorders that have been studied by using RNAi203 Table 7 6: Clinical trials of RNAi-based therapeutics225 Table 9 1: RNAi markets according to technologies and reagents 2009-2019239 Table 9 2: Markets for RNAi therapy for selected diseases: years 2009-2019241 Table 10 1: RNAi reagent, technology and service companies247 Table 10 2: Pharmaceutical companies using RNAi for drug discovery and development248 Table 10 3: Biotechnology companies using RNAi for drug discovery and development249 Table 10 4: Companies developing RNAi-based therapeutic products250 Table 10 5: Major players in RNAi250 Table 10 6: RNAi products of Benitec270 Table 10 7: Proprietary reagents of ImuThes322 Table 10 8: Product pipeline of Silence Therapeutics404 Table 10 9: Collaborations in RNAi technologies433 Figures Figure 1 1: Relationship of DNA, RNA and protein in the cell20 Figure 1 2: Schematic of suppression of gene expression by RNAi28 Figure 2 1: Overview of ShortCut RNAi Kit39 Figure 2 2: Gene silencing by RNAi induced with ddRNAi53 Figure 3 1: A schematic miRNA pathway59 Figure 3 2: Molecular mechanisms of miRNA generation60 Figure 7 1: Targeting disease by RNAi163 Figure 7 2: Role of RNAi in personalized medicine226 Figure 8 1: Problems with use of synthetic siRNAs and measures to prevent them230 Figure 9 1: Unmet needs in RNAi technologies243 To order this report: Drug Delivery Technology Industry: RNAi - technologies, markets and companies Drug Delivery Technology Business News More Market Research Report Check our Company Profile, SWOT and Revenue Analysis! Nicolas Bombourg Reportlinker Email: nbo@reportlinker.com US: (805)652-2626 Intl: +1 805-652-2626 SOURCE Reportlinker

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